C \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c C++ \uac15\uc88c\uc758 \ubaa9\ucc28\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud574\ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. C \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c C++\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uad6c\uc131\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\n#include <stdio.h>\nint main() {\n int num = 42;\n printf("\uc22b\uc790\ub294 %d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\n", num);\n\n char str[100];\n scanf("%s", str);\n return 0;\n}\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n int num = 42;\n cout << "\uc22b\uc790\ub294 " << num << "\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4." << endl;\n\n string str;\n cin >> str;\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\nC++\uc758 \uc785\ucd9c\ub825\uc740 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bc(stream) \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
\n- cout: \ud45c\uc900 \ucd9c\ub825 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bc (Console OUTput)<\/li>\n
- cin: \ud45c\uc900 \uc785\ub825 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bc (Console INput)<\/li>\n
- cerr: \ud45c\uc900 \uc5d0\ub7ec \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9bc<\/li>\n
- endl: \uac1c\ud589\ubb38\uc790 + \ubc84\ud37c \ud50c\ub7ec\uc2dc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
1.2 \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \uc774\ud574<\/h4>\n
\ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ub984 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc601\uc5ed\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>\n\n\/\/ \uc804\uccb4 \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \ud2b9\uc815 \uc694\uc18c\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\nusing std::cout;\nusing std::endl;\n\n\/\/ \uc9c1\uc811 \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc815\nstd::cout << "Hello" << std::endl;\n\n\/\/ \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\nnamespace MyApp {\n void print() {\n std::cout << "MyApp\uc758 print \ud568\uc218" << std::endl;\n }\n}\n\nint main() {\n MyApp::print();\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub41c \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \ud0c0\uc785 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/h3>\n2.1 bool \ud0c0\uc785<\/h4>\n\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nint isValid = 1; \/\/ 0\uc740 \uac70\uc9d3, 0\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac12\uc740 \ucc38\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nbool isValid = true; \/\/ true \ub610\ub294 false<\/code><\/pre>\n2.2 \ucc38\uc870\uc790(Reference)<\/h4>\n
\ud3ec\uc778\ud130\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uace0 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 \uc0ac\uc6a9 (C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c)\nvoid swap(int* a, int* b) {\n int temp = *a;\n *a = *b;\n *b = temp;\n}\n\n\/\/ \ucc38\uc870\uc790 \uc0ac\uc6a9 (C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c)\nvoid swap(int& a, int& b) {\n int temp = a;\n a = b;\n b = temp;\n}\n\nint main() {\n int x = 5, y = 10;\n\n \/\/ \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 \ud638\ucd9c\n swap(&x, &y);\n\n \/\/ \ucc38\uc870\uc790 \ud638\ucd9c\n swap(x, y);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n2.3 auto \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc<\/h4>\n
\ud0c0\uc785 \ucd94\ub860\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ub354 \uc720\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ud0c0\uc785 \uc120\uc5b8\nstd::vector<int>::iterator it = vec.begin();\n\n\/\/ auto \uc0ac\uc6a9\nauto it = vec.begin();\n\n\/\/ \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ud0c0\uc785\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9\nauto result = complicated_function();<\/code><\/pre>\n2.4 const\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c \uc758\ubbf8<\/h4>\n\/\/ \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uc640 const\nconst int* p1; \/\/ \ud3ec\uc778\ud130\uac00 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \uac12\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\nint* const p2 = &x; \/\/ \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc218\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\nconst int* const p3; \/\/ \ub458 \ub2e4 \uc218\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\n\n\/\/ \ucc38\uc870\uc790\uc640 const\nvoid printValue(const int& value) { \/\/ \uc77d\uae30 \uc804\uc6a9 \ucc38\uc870\n \/\/ value = 42; \/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \uc5d0\ub7ec\n std::cout << value << std::endl;\n}\n\n\/\/ const \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218\nclass MyClass {\n void printData() const { \/\/ \uac1d\uccb4\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc218\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\n \/\/ data = 42; \/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \uc5d0\ub7ec\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\nPart 2: C++\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uae30\ub2a5<\/h2>\n1. \ud568\uc218\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654<\/h3>\n1.1 \ud568\uc218 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529<\/h4>\n
C++\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c \uc815\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nint add_int(int a, int b) {\n return a + b;\n}\ndouble add_double(double a, double b) {\n return a + b;\n}\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nint add(int a, int b) {\n return a + b;\n}\ndouble add(double a, double b) {\n return a + b;\n}\nstd::string add(const std::string& a, const std::string& b) {\n return a + b;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.2 \ub514\ud3f4\ud2b8 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218<\/h4>\n
\ud568\uc218 \uc120\uc5b8 \uc2dc \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uac12\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
void printMessage(const std::string& msg, int count = 1, bool newLine = true) {\n for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n std::cout << msg;\n if(newLine) std::cout << std::endl;\n }\n}\n\nint main() {\n printMessage("Hello"); \/\/ count=1, newLine=true\n printMessage("Hello", 3); \/\/ newLine=true\n printMessage("Hello", 2, false); \/\/ \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218 \uc9c0\uc815\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \uc778\ub77c\uc778 \ud568\uc218<\/h4>\n
\uc791\uc740 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ \ub9e4\ud06c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9 (C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c)\n#define MAX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))\n\n\/\/ \uc778\ub77c\uc778 \ud568\uc218 (C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c)\ninline int max(int a, int b) {\n return a > b ? a : b;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4 \ud568\uc218 \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf \uae30\ucd08<\/h4>\n
\ud0c0\uc785\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
template<typename T>\nT max(T a, T b) {\n return a > b ? a : b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n std::cout << max(10, 20) << std::endl; \/\/ int\n std::cout << max(10.5, 20.7) << std::endl; \/\/ double\n std::cout << max("abc", "def") << std::endl; \/\/ const char*\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \uac1d\uccb4\uc9c0\ud5a5 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uae30\ucd08<\/h3>\n2.1 \uad6c\uc870\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub85c<\/h4>\n\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c \uad6c\uc870\uccb4\nstruct Person_C {\n char name[50];\n int age;\n};\nvoid Person_C_init(struct Person_C* p, const char* name, int age) {\n strcpy(p->name, name);\n p->age = age;\n}\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\nclass Person {\nprivate: \/\/ \uc811\uadfc \uc81c\uc5b4\n std::string name;\n int age;\n\npublic:\n \/\/ \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\n Person(const std::string& n, int a) : name(n), age(a) {}\n\n \/\/ \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc\n void printInfo() const {\n std::cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << std::endl;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n2.2 \uc811\uadfc \uc81c\uc5b4\uc640 \ucea1\uc290\ud654<\/h4>\nclass BankAccount {\nprivate: \/\/ \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc \ubd88\uac00\n double balance;\n std::string accountNumber;\n\nprotected: \/\/ \uc0c1\uc18d\ubc1b\uc740 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc811\uadfc \uac00\ub2a5\n void updateBalance(double amount) {\n balance += amount;\n }\n\npublic: \/\/ \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc \uac00\ub2a5\n BankAccount(const std::string& accNum) : balance(0), accountNumber(accNum) {}\n\n void deposit(double amount) {\n if(amount > 0) {\n updateBalance(amount);\n }\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n2.3 \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\uc640 \uc18c\uba78\uc790<\/h4>\nclass DynamicArray {\nprivate:\n int* data;\n size_t size;\n\npublic:\n \/\/ \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\n DynamicArray(size_t sz) : size(sz) {\n data = new int[size];\n }\n\n \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\n DynamicArray(const DynamicArray& other) : size(other.size) {\n data = new int[size];\n memcpy(data, other.data, size * sizeof(int));\n }\n\n \/\/ \uc18c\uba78\uc790\n ~DynamicArray() {\n delete[] data;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n2.4 this \ud3ec\uc778\ud130<\/h4>\nclass Counter {\nprivate:\n int count;\n\npublic:\n Counter(int count) {\n this->count = count; \/\/ \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uba64\ubc84\ubcc0\uc218 \uad6c\ubd84\n }\n\n Counter& increment() {\n count++;\n return *this; \/\/ \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ubc18\ud658\n }\n\n Counter& add(int value) {\n count += value;\n return *this;\n }\n};\n\nint main() {\n Counter c(0);\n c.increment().add(5).increment(); \/\/ \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc \uccb4\uc774\ub2dd\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n2.5 \uba64\ubc84 \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/h4>\n
\uba64\ubc84 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ucd08\uae30\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Point {\nprivate:\n const int x;\n const int y;\n std::string label;\n\npublic:\n \/\/ \uba64\ubc84 \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\n Point(int xVal, int yVal, const std::string& l) \n : x(xVal), y(yVal), label(l) {\n \/\/ \ubcf8\ubb38\uc774 \ube44\uc5b4\uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub428\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n2.6 friend \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc640 \ud568\uc218<\/h4>\n
friend \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc678\ubd80 \ud568\uc218\ub098 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc758 private \ubc0f protected \uba64\ubc84\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Rectangle {\nprivate:\n int width;\n int height;\n\n friend void printArea(const Rectangle& rect);\n friend class RectangleManager;\n\npublic:\n Rectangle(int w, int h) : width(w), height(h) {}\n};\n\nvoid printArea(const Rectangle& rect) {\n \/\/ private \uba64\ubc84\uc778 width\uc640 height\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc811\uadfc\n std::cout << "Area: " << rect.width * rect.height << std::endl;\n}\n\nclass RectangleManager {\npublic:\n void adjustSize(Rectangle& rect) {\n \/\/ private \uba64\ubc84\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc811\uadfc\n if (rect.width < 0) rect.width = 0;\n if (rect.height < 0) rect.height = 0;\n }\n\n void printDimensions(const Rectangle& rect) {\n std::cout << "Width: " << rect.width \n << ", Height: " << rect.height << std::endl;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\/\/ \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9 \uc608\nclass Complex {\nprivate:\n double real;\n double imag;\n\npublic:\n Complex(double r, double i) : real(r), imag(i) {}\n\n \/\/ \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529\uc744 \uc704\ud55c friend \ud568\uc218\n friend Complex operator+(const Complex& a, const Complex& b) {\n return Complex(a.real + b.real, a.imag + b.imag);\n }\n\n \/\/ \ucd9c\ub825 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529\n friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex& c) {\n os << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";\n return os;\n }\n};\n\nint main() {\n Complex a(1.0, 2.0);\n Complex b(3.0, 4.0);\n Complex c = a + b; \/\/ operator+ friend \ud568\uc218 \ud638\ucd9c\n std::cout << c; \/\/ operator<< friend \ud568\uc218 \ud638\ucd9c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud56d:<\/p>\n
\n- friend\ub294 \ucea1\uc290\ud654\ub97c \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
- \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c friend \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc740 \ucf54\ub4dc\uc758 \uc720\uc9c0\ubcf4\uc218\uc131\uc744 \uc800\ud558\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
- friend \ub300\uc2e0 public \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uc811\uadfc\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c\uc9c0 \uba3c\uc800 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. C++\uc758 \ucd94\uac00 \ud575\uc2ec \uae30\ub2a5<\/h3>\n3.1 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529<\/h4>\n
\ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc7ac\uc815\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Complex {\nprivate:\n double real, imag;\n\npublic:\n Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : real(r), imag(i) {}\n\n \/\/ \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218\ub85c \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529\n Complex operator+(const Complex& other) const {\n return Complex(real + other.real, imag + other.imag);\n }\n\n \/\/ \ubcf5\ud569 \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\n Complex& operator+=(const Complex& other) {\n real += other.real;\n imag += other.imag;\n return *this;\n }\n\n \/\/ friend \ud568\uc218\ub85c \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc624\ubc84\ub85c\ub529\n friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex& c) {\n os << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";\n return os;\n }\n};\n\nint main() {\n Complex a(1, 2), b(3, 4);\n Complex c = a + b; \/\/ operator+ \ud638\ucd9c\n a += b; \/\/ operator+= \ud638\ucd9c\n std::cout << c; \/\/ operator<< \ud638\ucd9c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.2 static \uba64\ubc84<\/h4>\n
\ud074\ub798\uc2a4\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\uc2a4\ud134\uc2a4\uac00 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uba64\ubc84\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Counter {\nprivate:\n static int totalCount; \/\/ \uc815\uc801 \uba64\ubc84 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc120\uc5b8\n int instanceCount;\n\npublic:\n Counter() : instanceCount(0) {\n totalCount++;\n }\n\n static int getTotalCount() { \/\/ \uc815\uc801 \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218\n return totalCount;\n \/\/ \uc8fc\uc758: \uc815\uc801 \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18 \uba64\ubc84 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc811\uadfc \ubd88\uac00\n }\n\n void printCounts() const {\n std::cout << "Instance count: " << instanceCount << std::endl;\n std::cout << "Total count: " << totalCount << std::endl;\n }\n};\n\n\/\/ cpp \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc801 \uba64\ubc84 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc815\uc758 (\ud544\uc218)\nint Counter::totalCount = 0;<\/code><\/pre>\n3.3 \ud2b9\uc218 \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ub4e4<\/h4>\n3.3.1 mutable \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc<\/h5>\n
const \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc218\uc815\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uba64\ubc84\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Cache {\nprivate:\n mutable int accessCount;\n mutable std::mutex mtx;\n std::map<std::string, std::string> data;\n\npublic:\n std::string getValue(const std::string& key) const {\n std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx); \/\/ mutable\uc774\ub77c \uc218\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5\n accessCount++; \/\/ mutable\uc774\ub77c const \ud568\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc218\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5\n return data.at(key);\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n3.3.2 explicit \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc<\/h5>\n
\uc758\ub3c4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc554\uc2dc\uc801 \ud615\ubcc0\ud658\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class MyString {\npublic:\n explicit MyString(int n) : str(n, 'x') {}\n \/\/ explicit\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uba74 MyString str = 10; \uac19\uc740 \uc554\uc2dc\uc801 \ubcc0\ud658\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\nprivate:\n std::string str;\n};\n\nvoid processString(const MyString& str) {\n \/\/ \ucc98\ub9ac \ub85c\uc9c1\n}\n\nint main() {\n processString(MyString(10)); \/\/ OK\n \/\/ processString(10); \/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \uc5d0\ub7ec: \uc554\uc2dc\uc801 \ubcc0\ud658 \ubd88\uac00\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.3.3 using \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\uc640 \ud0c0\uc785 \ubcc4\uce6d<\/h5>\n
\ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ud0c0\uc785 \ubcc4\uce6d\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\ntypedef std::vector<std::string> StringList_t;\ntypedef void (*FunctionPtr)(int);\n\n\/\/ Modern C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nusing StringList = std::vector<std::string>;\nusing FunctionPtr = void(*)(int);\nusing IntPtr = std::unique_ptr<int>;\n\n\/\/ \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf \ubcc4\uce6d (typedef\ub85c\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5)\ntemplate<typename T>\nusing Vec = std::vector<T>;\n\nVec<int> numbers; \/\/ std::vector<int>\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c<\/code><\/pre>\n3.4 enum class<\/h4>\n
\ubc94\uc704\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc5f4\uac70\ud615\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ \uae30\uc874 enum\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810\nenum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE }; \/\/ \uc804\uc5ed \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc624\uc5fc\nenum TrafficLight { RED, YELLOW, GREEN }; \/\/ \uc5d0\ub7ec: RED, GREEN \uc911\ubcf5\n\n\/\/ enum class \uc0ac\uc6a9\nenum class NewColor { Red, Green, Blue };\nenum class Light { Red, Yellow, Green }; \/\/ OK\n\nvoid useColors() {\n NewColor c1 = NewColor::Red; \/\/ \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ubc94\uc704\n Light signal = Light::Red; \/\/ \uc774\ub984 \ucda9\ub3cc \uc5c6\uc74c\n\n \/\/ int x = c1; \/\/ \uc5d0\ub7ec: \uc554\uc2dc\uc801 \ubcc0\ud658 \ubd88\uac00\n int x = static_cast<int>(c1); \/\/ OK: \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ubcc0\ud658 \ud544\uc694\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.5 \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4<\/h4>\n
C++11 \uc774\ud6c4 \ud1b5\uc77c\ub41c \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ubb38\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Widget {\n \/\/ \uba64\ubc84 \ubcc0\uc218 \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n int n{42}; \/\/ \uc911\uad04\ud638 \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n std::string s{"hello"}; \/\/ \uc9c1\uc811 \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 3}; \/\/ \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108 \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n int arr[3]{1, 2, 3}; \/\/ \ubc30\uc5f4 \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n\npublic:\n \/\/ \uc0dd\uc131\uc790 \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\n Widget() : n{42}, s{"hello"} { }\n};\n\nint main() {\n \/\/ \ud1b5\uc77c\ub41c \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ubb38\ubc95\n int x{42}; \/\/ \uae30\ubcf8 \ud0c0\uc785\n std::string s{"hello"}; \/\/ \uac1d\uccb4\n std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 3}; \/\/ \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\n Widget w{}; \/\/ \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785\n}<\/code><\/pre>\nPart 3: \uace0\uae09 \uae30\ub2a5\uacfc \ud604\ub300\uc801 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d<\/h2>\n1. \uc0c1\uc18d\uacfc \ub2e4\ud615\uc131<\/h3>\n1.1 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4 \uc0c1\uc18d\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8<\/h4>\nclass Animal {\nprotected:\n std::string name;\n\npublic:\n Animal(const std::string& n) : name(n) {}\n\n virtual void makeSound() {\n std::cout << "Some sound" << std::endl;\n }\n};\n\nclass Dog : public Animal {\npublic:\n Dog(const std::string& n) : Animal(n) {}\n\n void makeSound() override {\n std::cout << name << " says: Woof!" << std::endl;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n1.2 \uac00\uc0c1 \ud568\uc218\uc640 \ub3d9\uc801 \ubc14\uc778\ub529<\/h4>\nvoid playSound(Animal* animal) {\n animal->makeSound(); \/\/ \ub7f0\ud0c0\uc784\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud0c0\uc785\uc758 \ud568\uc218 \ud638\ucd9c\n}\n\nint main() {\n Animal* dog = new Dog("Bobby");\n Animal* cat = new Cat("Kitty");\n\n playSound(dog); \/\/ "Bobby says: Woof!"\n playSound(cat); \/\/ "Kitty says: Meow!"\n\n delete dog;\n delete cat;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \uc21c\uc218 \uac00\uc0c1 \ud568\uc218\uc640 \ucd94\uc0c1 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4<\/h4>\nclass Shape {\npublic:\n virtual double getArea() const = 0; \/\/ \uc21c\uc218 \uac00\uc0c1 \ud568\uc218\n virtual ~Shape() {} \/\/ \uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790\n};\n\nclass Circle : public Shape {\nprivate:\n double radius;\n\npublic:\n Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}\n\n double getArea() const override {\n return 3.14159 * radius * radius;\n }\n \/\/ \uc18c\uba78\uc790\ub294 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ud574\uc81c \ub4f1 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0dd\ub7b5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4 final\uacfc override<\/h4>\n
\uc0c1\uc18d\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Base {\npublic:\n virtual void foo() = 0; \/\/ \uc624\ubc84\ub77c\uc774\ub4dc \ud544\uc218\n virtual void bar() { } \/\/ \ub514\ud3f4\ud2b8 \uad6c\ud604\uc788\uc74c (\uc624\ubc84\ub77c\uc774\ub4dc \uc120\ud0dd)\n void baz() { }\n};\n\nclass Derived final : public Base { \/\/ \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc0c1\uc18d \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\n void foo() override { } \/\/ \uae30\ubc18 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc624\ubc84\ub77c\uc774\ub4dc\n void bar() override { } \/\/ override \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ub85c (\uc624\ud0c0 \ub4f1) \uc2e4\uc218 \ubc29\uc9c0\n \/\/ void baz() override { } \/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \uc5d0\ub7ec: \uac00\uc0c1 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8\n};\n\n\/\/ class Further : public Derived { }; \/\/ \uc5d0\ub7ec: final \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub294 \uc0c1\uc18d \ubd88\uac00<\/code><\/pre>\n1.5 \ud2b9\uc218 \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218<\/h4>\n
C++\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218 \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\ub7ec\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class Example {\npublic:\n \/\/ \uae30\ubcf8 \uc0dd\uc131\uc790 \n Example() = default; \/\/ \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ubcf8 \uad6c\ud604 \uc0ac\uc6a9\n\n \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\n Example(const Example& other) = delete; \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \uc0dd\uc131 \uae08\uc9c0\n\n \/\/ \uc774\ub3d9 \uc0dd\uc131\uc790 (C++11 \uc774\uc0c1)\n Example(Example&& other) noexcept { \/\/ noexcept \ub294 \uc608\uc678\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c \uba85\uc2dc\n \/\/ \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4 \uc774\ub3d9\n }\n\n \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\n Example& operator=(const Example& other) {\n if (this != &other) {\n \/\/ \uae4a\uc740 \ubcf5\uc0ac \uad6c\ud604\n }\n return *this;\n }\n\n \/\/ \uc774\ub3d9 \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 (C++11 \uc774\uc0c1)\n Example& operator=(Example&& other) noexcept = default;\n\n \/\/ \uc18c\uba78\uc790 (\uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790 XX)\n \/\/ \uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 virtual \uc744 \ubd99\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.\n ~Example() {\n \/\/ \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4 \uc815\ub9ac\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n1.6 special member functions\uc758 \uc81c\uc5b4<\/h4>\n
\ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\ub7ec\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218 \uba64\ubc84 \ud568\uc218\ub4e4\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class NonCopyable {\npublic:\n NonCopyable() = default; \/\/ \uae30\ubcf8 \uc0dd\uc131\uc790 \uc0ac\uc6a9\n NonCopyable(const NonCopyable&) = delete; \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \uc0dd\uc131\uc790 \uc0ad\uc81c\n NonCopyable& operator=(const NonCopyable&) = delete; \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790 \uc0ad\uc81c\n\n \/\/ \uc774\ub3d9 \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\uc640 \uc774\ub3d9 \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\ub294 \uc790\ub3d9 \uc0dd\uc131\n NonCopyable(NonCopyable&&) = default;\n NonCopyable& operator=(NonCopyable&&) = default;\n};\n\nclass OnlyMoveable {\npublic:\n OnlyMoveable() = default;\n\n \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc0ad\uc81c\n OnlyMoveable(const OnlyMoveable&) = delete;\n OnlyMoveable& operator=(const OnlyMoveable&) = delete;\n\n \/\/ \uc774\ub3d9 \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \uc815\uc758\n OnlyMoveable(OnlyMoveable&& other) noexcept = default;\n OnlyMoveable& operator=(OnlyMoveable&& other) noexcept = default;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \uc608\uc678 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h3>\n2.1 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc608\uc678 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h4>\n\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c \uc5d0\ub7ec \ucc98\ub9ac\nint divide_c(int a, int b, int* result) {\n if (b == 0) return -1; \/\/ \uc5d0\ub7ec \ucf54\ub4dc \ubc18\ud658\n *result = a \/ b;\n return 0; \/\/ \uc131\uacf5\n}\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c \uc608\uc678 \ucc98\ub9ac\ndouble divide(int a, int b) {\n if (b == 0) {\n throw std::runtime_error("Division by zero!");\n }\n return static_cast<double>(a) \/ b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n try {\n double result = divide(10, 0);\n }\n catch (const std::exception& e) {\n std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n2.2 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \uc608\uc678<\/h4>\nclass DatabaseError : public std::runtime_error {\npublic:\n DatabaseError(const std::string& message)\n : std::runtime_error(message) {}\n};\n\nclass Database {\npublic:\n void connect(const std::string& connectionString) {\n if (connectionString.empty()) {\n throw DatabaseError("Empty connection string");\n }\n \/\/ \uc5f0\uacb0 \ub85c\uc9c1...\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n3. \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf\uacfc \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d<\/h3>\n3.1 \ud568\uc218 \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf \uc2ec\ud654<\/h4>\n\/\/ \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud0c0\uc785 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ntemplate<typename T, typename U>\nauto add(T a, U b) -> decltype(a + b) {\n return a + b;\n}\n\n\/\/ \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf \ud2b9\uc218\ud654\ntemplate<typename T>\nT abs(T value) {\n return value < 0 ? -value : value;\n}\n\ntemplate<>\nstd::string abs(std::string value) {\n return value; \/\/ \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc740 \uc808\ub300\uac12\uc774 \uc758\ubbf8 \uc5c6\uc74c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.2 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4 \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf<\/h4>\ntemplate<typename T>\nclass Stack {\nprivate:\n std::vector<T> elements;\n\npublic:\n void push(const T& element) {\n elements.push_back(element);\n }\n\n T pop() {\n if (elements.empty()) {\n throw std::runtime_error("Stack is empty");\n }\n T top = elements.back();\n elements.pop_back();\n return top;\n }\n};\n\n\/\/ \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc608\uc2dc\nStack<int> intStack;\nStack<std::string> stringStack;<\/code><\/pre>\n3.3 STL \uc18c\uac1c<\/h4>\n#include <vector>\n#include <algorithm>\n#include <string>\n\nint main() {\n \/\/ \ubca1\ud130 \uc0ac\uc6a9\n std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 5, 3, 4, 2};\n\n \/\/ \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \uc0ac\uc6a9\n std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());\n\n \/\/ find \uc0ac\uc6a9\n auto it = std::find(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), 3);\n if (it != numbers.end()) {\n std::cout << "Found 3!" << std::endl;\n }\n\n \/\/ for_each \uc0ac\uc6a9\n std::for_each(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), \n [](int n) { std::cout << n << " "; });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.4 \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf \uba54\ud0c0\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d \uae30\ucd08<\/h4>\n
constexpr \ub294 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc218\ub85c \ud655\uc815\ub428\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc810 \ud329\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5bc \uacc4\uc0b0\ntemplate<unsigned int N>\nstruct Factorial {\n static constexpr unsigned int value = N * Factorial<N-1>::value;\n};\n\ntemplate<>\nstruct Factorial<0> {\n static constexpr unsigned int value = 1;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\/\/ \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc608\uc2dc\nconstexpr auto fact5 = Factorial<5>::value; \/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc0b0<\/code><\/pre>\n3.5 RAII\uc640 \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4 \uad00\ub9ac<\/h4>\n
RAII(Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) \ub294 \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4 \ucde8\ub4dd\uacfc \ud574\uc81c\ub97c \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud328\ud134\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
class File {\nprivate:\n FILE* fp;\n\npublic:\n File(const char* filename, const char* mode) {\n fp = fopen(filename, mode);\n if (!fp) throw std::runtime_error("Failed to open file");\n }\n\n ~File() {\n if (fp) fclose(fp);\n }\n\n \/\/ \ubcf5\uc0ac \ubc29\uc9c0 (\uc2e4\uc218\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc911\ubcf5 close \ubc29\uc9c0)\n File(const File&) = delete;\n File& operator=(const File&) = delete;\n\n \/\/ \ud30c\uc77c \uc791\uc5c5 \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc\ub4e4...\n};\n\n\/\/ \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc608\uc2dc\nvoid processFile() {\n File f("data.txt", "r"); \/\/ \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f4\uace0\n \/\/ \ud30c\uc77c \uc791\uc5c5...\n} \/\/ \uc2a4\ucf54\ud504\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uba74 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub2eb\ud798<\/code><\/pre>\nPart 4: \uc2e4\uc804\uacfc \ud604\ub300 C++<\/h2>\n1. STL \ud65c\uc6a9<\/h3>\n1.1 \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108 \uae30\ucd08<\/h4>\n#include <vector>\n#include <list>\n#include <map>\n#include <set>\n\nint main() {\n \/\/ \ubca1\ud130 (\ub3d9\uc801 \ubc30\uc5f4)\n std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n vec.push_back(6); \/\/ \ub05d\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\n\n \/\/ \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8 (\uc774\uc911 \uc5f0\uacb0 \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8)\n std::list<int> lst = {1, 2, 3};\n lst.push_front(0); \/\/ \uc55e\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\n\n \/\/ \ub9f5 (\ud0a4-\uac12 \uc30d)\n std::map<std::string, int> scores;\n scores["Alice"] = 95;\n scores["Bob"] = 87;\n\n \/\/ \uc14b (\uc911\ubcf5 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc815\ub82c\ub41c \uceec\ub809\uc158)\n std::set<int> uniqueNums = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5}; \/\/ 1\uc740 \ud55c \ubc88\ub9cc \uc800\uc7a5\ub428\n\n \/\/ remove_if (\uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc81c\uac70) \ub294 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud568\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.2 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc790 \ud65c\uc6a9<\/h4>\nstd::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n\n\/\/ \uae30\ubcf8 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc790 \uc0ac\uc6a9\nfor (auto it = numbers.begin(); it != numbers.end(); ++it) {\n std::cout << *it << " ";\n}\n\n\/\/ \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc790\nfor (auto rit = numbers.rbegin(); rit != numbers.rend(); ++rit) {\n std::cout << *rit << " ";\n}\n\n\/\/ \ubc94\uc704 \uae30\ubc18 for \ub8e8\ud504 (\uac00\uc7a5 \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95)\nfor (const auto& num : numbers) {\n std::cout << num << " ";\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac<\/h4>\n#include <algorithm>\n\nstd::vector<int> v = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};\n\n\/\/ \uc815\ub82c\nstd::sort(v.begin(), v.end());\n\n\/\/ \uc774\uc9c4 \uac80\uc0c9\nbool found = std::binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 8);\n\n\/\/ \ucd5c\ub300\/\ucd5c\uc18c \uc694\uc18c \ucc3e\uae30\nauto max_it = std::max_element(v.begin(), v.end());\nauto min_it = std::min_element(v.begin(), v.end());\n\n\/\/ \ud2b9\uc815 \uac12 \ucc3e\uae30\nauto it = std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), 8);\nif (it != v.end()) {\n std::cout << "Found 8 at position: " << std::distance(v.begin(), it) << std::endl;\n}\n\n\/\/ \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \uc694\uc18c \uac1c\uc218 \uc138\uae30\nint count = std::count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), \n [](int n) { return n % 2 == 0; }); \/\/ \uc9dd\uc218 \uac1c\uc218<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108 \ud65c\uc6a9<\/h4>\n1.4.1 std::deque (Double-ended Queue)<\/h5>\n#include <deque>\n\n\/\/ deque\ub294 \uc591\ucabd \ub05d\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\ub978 \uc0bd\uc785\/\uc0ad\uc81c\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\nstd::deque<int> dq;\n\n\/\/ \uc55e\ub4a4\ub85c \ucd94\uac00\ndq.push_front(1); \/\/ [1]\ndq.push_back(2); \/\/ [1,2]\n\n\/\/ \uc784\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uce58 \uc811\uadfc\ndq[0] = 10; \/\/ [10,2]\n\n\/\/ \uc55e\ub4a4\ub85c \uc81c\uac70\ndq.pop_front(); \/\/ [2]\ndq.pop_back(); \/\/ []<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4.2 std::set\uacfc std::multiset<\/h5>\n#include <set>\n\n\/\/ set: \uc911\ubcf5\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc815\ub82c\ub41c \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\nstd::set<int> s = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2}; \/\/ {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\n\/\/ \uc0bd\uc785\nauto [it, success] = s.insert(5); \/\/ \uc0bd\uc785 \uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ud655\uc778\nif (success) {\n std::cout << "5 inserted successfully\\n";\n}\n\n\/\/ \uac80\uc0c9\nif (s.find(3) != s.end()) {\n std::cout << "3 exists\\n";\n}\n\n\/\/ multiset: \uc911\ubcf5\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ub82c\ub41c \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\nstd::multiset<int> ms = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2}; \/\/ {1, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n\n\/\/ \ud2b9\uc815 \uac12\uc758 \uac1c\uc218 \ud655\uc778\nstd::cout << "Count of 1: " << ms.count(1) << std::endl; \/\/ 2<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4.3 std::unordered_set\uacfc std::unordered_map<\/h5>\n#include <unordered_set>\n#include <unordered_map>\n\n\/\/ unordered_set: \ud574\uc2dc \ud14c\uc774\ube14 \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\nstd::unordered_set<std::string> words = {"apple", "banana", "orange"};\n\n\/\/ \ube60\ub978 \uac80\uc0c9\nif (words.find("apple") != words.end()) {\n std::cout << "apple exists\\n";\n}\n\n\/\/ unordered_map: \ud574\uc2dc \ud14c\uc774\ube14 \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \ud0a4-\uac12 \uc30d\nstd::unordered_map<std::string, int> scores = {\n {"Alice", 100},\n {"Bob", 95},\n {"Charlie", 90}\n};\n\n\/\/ \ud0a4\ub85c \uc811\uadfc\nscores["David"] = 85; \/\/ \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc694\uc18c \ucd94\uac00\n\n\/\/ \uc548\uc804\ud55c \uac80\uc0c9\nif (auto it = scores.find("Alice"); it != scores.end()) {\n std::cout << "Alice's score: " << it->second << "\\n";\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4.4 std::stack\uacfc std::queue<\/h5>\n#include <stack>\n#include <queue>\n\n\/\/ stack: LIFO (Last In First Out)\nstd::stack<int> st;\nst.push(1);\nst.push(2);\nst.push(3);\n\nwhile (!st.empty()) {\n std::cout << st.top() << " "; \/\/ 3 2 1\n st.pop();\n}\n\n\/\/ queue: FIFO (First In First Out)\nstd::queue<int> q;\nq.push(1);\nq.push(2);\nq.push(3);\n\nwhile (!q.empty()) {\n std::cout << q.front() << " "; \/\/ 1 2 3\n q.pop();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4.5 std::priority_queue<\/h5>\n#include <queue>\n\n\/\/ \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd5c\ub300 \ud799\nstd::priority_queue<int> pq;\npq.push(3);\npq.push(1);\npq.push(4);\n\nwhile (!pq.empty()) {\n std::cout << pq.top() << " "; \/\/ 4 3 1\n pq.pop();\n}\n\n\/\/ \ucd5c\uc18c \ud799 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30\nstd::priority_queue<int, std::vector<int>, std::greater<int>> min_pq;\nmin_pq.push(3);\nmin_pq.push(1);\nmin_pq.push(4);\n\nwhile (!min_pq.empty()) {\n std::cout << min_pq.top() << " "; \/\/ 1 3 4\n min_pq.pop();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.5 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c STL \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/h4>\n1.5.1 \uc815\ub82c\uacfc \uac80\uc0c9<\/h5>\n#include <algorithm>\n\nstd::vector<int> v = {4, 1, 3, 5, 2};\n\n\/\/ \uc815\ub82c\nstd::sort(v.begin(), v.end()); \/\/ [1,2,3,4,5]\n\n\/\/ \uc5ed\uc21c \uc815\ub82c\nstd::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), std::greater<int>()); \/\/ [5,4,3,2,1]\n\n\/\/ \ubd80\ubd84 \uc815\ub82c\nstd::partial_sort(v.begin(), v.begin() + 3, v.end()); \/\/ \uc55e\uc758 3\uac1c\ub9cc \uc815\ub82c\n\n\/\/ \uc774\uc9c4 \uac80\uc0c9\nif (std::binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(), 3)) {\n std::cout << "3 exists\\n";\n}\n\n\/\/ lower_bound: \uac12 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uccab \uc704\uce58\nauto it = std::lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);\n\n\/\/ upper_bound: \uac12 \ucd08\uacfc\uc758 \uccab \uc704\uce58\nauto it2 = std::upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);<\/code><\/pre>\n1.5.2 \uc218\uc815 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/h5>\nstd::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n\n\/\/ \uac12 \ubcc0\uacbd\nstd::replace(v.begin(), v.end(), 3, 30); \/\/ 3\uc744 30\uc73c\ub85c\n\n\/\/ \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ubcc0\uacbd\nstd::replace_if(v.begin(), v.end(),\n [](int n) { return n % 2 == 0; }, \/\/ \uc9dd\uc218\ub97c\n 0); \/\/ 0\uc73c\ub85c\n\n\/\/ \uac12 \uc81c\uac70\nauto new_end = std::remove(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);\nv.erase(new_end, v.end()); \/\/ \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uac70\n\n\/\/ \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc81c\uac70\nauto new_end2 = std::remove_if(v.begin(), v.end(),\n [](int n) { return n < 0; }); \/\/ \uc74c\uc218 \uc81c\uac70\nv.erase(new_end2, v.end());<\/code><\/pre>\n1.5.3 \uc21c\uc5f4 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/h5>\nstd::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};\n\n\/\/ \ub2e4\uc74c \uc21c\uc5f4\ndo {\n for (int n : v) std::cout << n << ' ';\n std::cout << '\\n';\n} while (std::next_permutation(v.begin(), v.end()));\n\/\/ \ucd9c\ub825: 1 2 3\n\/\/ 1 3 2\n\/\/ 2 1 3\n\/\/ 2 3 1\n\/\/ 3 1 2\n\/\/ 3 2 1\n\n\/\/ \uc774\uc804 \uc21c\uc5f4\nwhile (std::prev_permutation(v.begin(), v.end())) {\n \/\/ \ucc98\ub9ac\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n1.5.4 \uc218\uce58 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/h5>\n#include <numeric>\n\nstd::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n\n\/\/ \ud569\uacc4\nint sum = std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);\n\n\/\/ \uacf1\nint product = std::accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 1,\n std::multiplies<int>());\n\n\/\/ \ub0b4\uc801\nstd::vector<int> v2 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6};\nint dot_product = std::inner_product(\n v.begin(), v.end(), \/\/ \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc94\uc704\n v2.begin(), \/\/ \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc94\uc704\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\n 0); \/\/ \ucd08\uae30\uac12\n\n\/\/ \ubd80\ubd84\ud569\nstd::vector<int> partial_sums;\nstd::partial_sum(v.begin(), v.end(),\n std::back_inserter(partial_sums));\n\/\/ partial_sums: [1,3,6,10,15]<\/code><\/pre>\n1.5.5 \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc778 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \uc870\ud569 \uc608\uc81c<\/h5>\n\/\/ \ud559\uc0dd \uc131\uc801 \ucc98\ub9ac \uc608\uc81c\nstruct Student {\n std::string name;\n int score;\n};\n\nstd::vector<Student> students = {\n {"Alice", 85}, {"Bob", 92}, {"Charlie", 78}\n};\n\n\/\/ \uc131\uc801\uc21c \uc815\ub82c\nstd::sort(students.begin(), students.end(),\n [](const Student& a, const Student& b) {\n return a.score > b.score; \/\/ \ub0b4\ub9bc\ucc28\uc21c\n });\n\n\/\/ 80\uc810 \uc774\uc0c1\uc778 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 \uc138\uae30\nint honor_count = std::count_if(students.begin(), students.end(),\n [](const Student& s) { return s.score >= 80; });\n\n\/\/ \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \uacc4\uc0b0\ndouble avg = std::accumulate(students.begin(), students.end(), 0.0,\n [](double acc, const Student& s) { return acc + s.score; })\n \/ students.size();\n\n\/\/ \ud2b9\uc815 \uc810\uc218 \ubc94\uc704\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4 \ucc3e\uae30\nauto [lower, upper] = std::equal_range(students.begin(), students.end(),\n Student{"", 85}, \/\/ 85\uc810\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c\n [](const Student& a, const Student& b) {\n return a.score > b.score;\n });<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \ud604\ub300 C++ \uae30\ub2a5 (C++11 \uc774\ud6c4)<\/h3>\n2.1 \ub78c\ub2e4 \ud45c\ud604\uc2dd<\/h4>\n\/\/ \uae30\ubcf8 \ub78c\ub2e4\nauto add = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };\nstd::cout << add(3, 4) << std::endl;\n\n\/\/ \ucea1\ucc98 \uc0ac\uc6a9\nint multiplier = 10;\nauto multiply = [multiplier](int x) { return x * multiplier; };\n\n\/\/ \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\nstd::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\nstd::for_each(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(),\n [](int& n) { n *= 2; }); \/\/ \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc694\uc18c 2\ubc30\ub85c<\/code><\/pre>\n2.2 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ud3ec\uc778\ud130<\/h4>\n#include <memory>\n\n\/\/ unique_ptr: \ub2e8\uc77c \uc18c\uc720\uad8c\nstd::unique_ptr<int> p1(new int(42));\nauto p2 = std::make_unique<int>(42); \/\/ \ub354 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\n\n\/\/ shared_ptr: \uacf5\uc720 \uc18c\uc720\uad8c\nstd::shared_ptr<int> sp1 = std::make_shared<int>(100);\nstd::shared_ptr<int> sp2 = sp1; \/\/ \ucc38\uc870 \uce74\uc6b4\ud2b8 \uc99d\uac00\n\n\/\/ weak_ptr: \uc21c\ud658 \ucc38\uc870 \ubc29\uc9c0\nstd::weak_ptr<int> wp = sp1;\nif (auto sp = wp.lock()) { \/\/ \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \uac1d\uccb4\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\n std::cout << *sp << std::endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n2.3 move \uc2dc\ub9e8\ud2f1\uc2a4<\/h4>\nclass BigData {\n std::vector<int> data;\npublic:\n \/\/ \uc774\ub3d9 \uc0dd\uc131\uc790\n BigData(BigData&& other) noexcept \n : data(std::move(other.data)) {}\n\n \/\/ \uc774\ub3d9 \ub300\uc785 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc790\n BigData& operator=(BigData&& other) noexcept {\n if (this != &other) {\n data = std::move(other.data);\n }\n return *this;\n }\n};\n\n\/\/ std::move \uc0ac\uc6a9\nstd::vector<std::string> v1 = {"hello", "world"};\nstd::vector<std::string> v2 = std::move(v1); \/\/ v1\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 v2\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9<\/code><\/pre>\nstd::move \uc774\ub3d9\ub418\uae30 \uc804 \ub370\uc774\ud0c0 \uc811\uadfc\uc740 \uc624\ub958\uac00 \ub0a0\uc218\ub3c4 \ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.
\n\uadf8\ub0e5 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd08\uae30\ud654\ud574\uc8fc\uc790.<\/p>\n
3. \uc2e4\uc804 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc640 \ub514\ubc84\uae45<\/h3>\n3.1 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc870\ud654<\/h4>\n\/\/ \ud5e4\ub354 \ud30c\uc77c (.hpp)\nclass Project {\npublic:\n Project();\n void run();\nprivate:\n \/\/ \uad6c\ud604 \uc138\ubd80\uc0ac\ud56d\n};\n\n\/\/ \uad6c\ud604 \ud30c\uc77c (.cpp)\n#include "project.hpp"\n\nProject::Project() {\n \/\/ \ucd08\uae30\ud654 \ucf54\ub4dc\n}\n\nvoid Project::run() {\n \/\/ \uc2e4\ud589 \ucf54\ub4dc\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.2 \uc131\ub2a5 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654<\/h4>\n\/\/ \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 \ud14c\ud06c\ub2c9\ub4e4\nclass OptimizedClass {\npublic:\n \/\/ \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c \ubcf5\uc0ac \ubc29\uc9c0\n void process(const std::vector<int>& data) {\n \/\/ data\ub97c \ucc38\uc870\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544 \ubcf5\uc0ac \ubc29\uc9c0\n }\n\n \/\/ \uc791\uc740 \uac1d\uccb4\ub294 \uac12\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub2ec\n void setCoordinate(Point p) { \/\/ Point\uac00 \uc791\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\uccb4\uc77c \uacbd\uc6b0\n coord = p;\n }\n\n \/\/ RVO (Return Value Optimization)\n \/\/ \uc784\uc2dc vector \uc0dd\uc131 -> \ubc18\ud658\uac12\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\uc0ac -> \uc784\uc2dc \uac1d\uccb4 \uc18c\uba78 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc989\uc2dc \ubc18\ud658\uac12 \uc0dd\uc131\n std::vector<int> getNumbers() {\n return std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3}; \/\/ \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\ub7ec\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n3.3 \ub514\ubc84\uae45 \uae30\ubc95<\/h4>\nclass DebugHelper {\npublic:\n static void log(const std::string& message) {\n #ifdef _DEBUG\n \/\/ _DEBUG \ub9e4\ud06c\ub85c\uac00 \uc815\uc758\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub9cc \ub3d9\uc791\n std::cerr << "[DEBUG] " << message << std::endl;\n #endif\n }\n\n \/\/ RAII \uae30\ubc18\uc2e4\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04 \uce21\uc815 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\n class Timer {\n std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start;\n std::string name;\n public:\n Timer(const std::string& n) : name(n) {\n start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();\n }\n ~Timer() {\n auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();\n auto diff = end - start;\n std::cout << name << " took " \n << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(diff).count()\n << " ms" << std::endl;\n }\n };\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\/\/ \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc608\uc2dc\nvoid someFunction() {\n DebugHelper::Timer t("someFunction");\n \/\/ ... \ucf54\ub4dc \uc2e4\ud589 ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\ubd80\ub85d<\/h2>\n1. C++ \ucf54\ub529 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/h3>\n1.1 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uba85\uba85 \uaddc\uce59<\/h4>\n\/\/ \ud074\ub798\uc2a4 \uc774\ub984: \ud30c\uc2a4\uce7c \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\nclass StudentManager {};\n\n\/\/ \ud568\uc218 \ubc0f \ubcc0\uc218: \uce74\uba5c \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\nvoid calculateGrade();\nint totalScore;\n\n\/\/ \uc0c1\uc218: \ub300\ubb38\uc790\uc640 \uc5b8\ub354\uc2a4\ucf54\uc5b4\nconst int MAX_STUDENTS = 100;\n\n\/\/ \uba64\ubc84 \ubcc0\uc218: m_ \ub610\ub294 _ \uc811\ub450\uc0ac\nclass Student {\nprivate:\n std::string m_name;\n int _age;\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n1.2 \ud30c\uc77c \uad6c\uc870<\/h4>\n\/\/ header.hpp\n#ifndef HEADER_HPP\n#define HEADER_HPP\n\n\/\/ 1. \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ud5e4\ub354\n#include <string>\n#include <vector>\n\n\/\/ 2. \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ud5e4\ub354\n#include "project_header.hpp"\n\n\/\/ 3. \uc120\uc5b8\ubd80\nclass MyClass {\n \/\/ ...\n};\n\n#endif\n\n\/\/ source.cpp\n#include "header.hpp"\n\n\/\/ \uad6c\ud604\ubd80<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \ubaa8\ub358 C++ \uad8c\uc7a5 \uc0ac\ud56d<\/h4>\n\/\/ \uad8c\uc7a5\nauto iter = container.begin(); \/\/ auto \uc0ac\uc6a9\nconst auto& value = getValue(); \/\/ const \ucc38\uc870\nstd::string str{"\ucd08\uae30\ud654"}; \/\/ \uc720\ub2c8\ud3fc \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n\n\/\/ \ube44\uad8c\uc7a5\niterator<vector<int>> iter = container.begin();\nvalue = getValue();\nstd::string str = "\ucd08\uae30\ud654";<\/code><\/pre>\n2. C\uc5d0\uc11c C++\ub85c\uc758 \ucf54\ub4dc \ub9c8\uc774\uadf8\ub808\uc774\uc158<\/h3>\n2.1 \uae30\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad6c\uc870 \ubcc0\ud658<\/h4>\n\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\ntypedef struct {\n char name[50];\n int age;\n} Person_C;\n\nvoid print_person(const Person_C* p) {\n printf("%s: %d\\n", p->name, p->age);\n}\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nclass Person {\nprivate:\n std::string name;\n int age;\n\npublic:\n Person(const std::string& n, int a) \n : name(n), age(a) {}\n\n void print() const {\n std::cout << name << ": " << age << std::endl;\n }\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n2.2 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uad00\ub9ac \ubcc0\ud658<\/h4>\n\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nint* array = (int*)malloc(size * sizeof(int));\nfree(array);\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nstd::vector<int> array(size);\n\/\/ \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ud574\uc81c\n\n\/\/ \ub610\ub294 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ud3ec\uc778\ud130 \uc0ac\uc6a9\nauto ptr = std::make_unique<int[]>(size);<\/code><\/pre>\n2.3 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \ucc98\ub9ac \ubcc0\ud658<\/h4>\n\/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nchar str[100];\nstrcpy(str, "Hello");\nstrcat(str, " World");\n\n\/\/ C++ \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\nstd::string str = "Hello";\nstr += " World";\n\n\/\/ \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4 \uac80\uc0c9\nif (str.find("World") != std::string::npos) {\n \/\/ \ucc3e\uc74c\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3. \uc790\uc8fc \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\uc218\uc640 \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n3.1 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uad00\ub828 \uc2e4\uc218<\/h4>\n\/\/ \uc2e4\uc218 1: \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ub204\uc218\nclass Resource {\n int* data;\npublic:\n Resource() { data = new int[100]; }\n \/\/ \uc18c\uba78\uc790 \uc5c6\uc74c - \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ub204\uc218!\n};\n\n\/\/ \ud574\uacb0\nclass Resource {\n std::unique_ptr<int[]> data;\npublic:\n Resource() : data(std::make_unique<int[]>(100)) {}\n \/\/ \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ud574\uc81c\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n3.2 \ucc38\uc870\uc790 \uad00\ub828 \uc2e4\uc218<\/h4>\n\/\/ \uc2e4\uc218 2: \ub315\uae00\ub9c1 \ucc38\uc870 (\uc218\uba85\uc774 \ub05d\ub09c \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc601\uc5ed \ucc38\uc870)\nint& getDanglingReference() {\n int local = 42;\n return local; \/\/ \uc9c0\uc5ed \ubcc0\uc218 \ucc38\uc870 \ubc18\ud658 - \uc704\ud5d8!\n}\n\n\/\/ \ud574\uacb0\nint getValue() {\n int local = 42;\n return local; \/\/ \uac12 \ubc18\ud658\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n3.3 \uc0c1\uc18d \uad00\ub828 \uc2e4\uc218<\/h4>\n
BaseClass (\ucd5c\uc0c1\uc704 \ud074\ub798\uc2a4) \ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.
\n\uc548\uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \ud558\uc704 \uc18c\uba78\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud638\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\/\/ \uc2e4\uc218 3: \uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790 \ub204\ub77d\nclass Base {\npublic:\n ~Base() {} \/\/ \ube44\uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790\n};\n\nclass Derived : public Base {\n int* ptr;\npublic:\n Derived() : ptr(new int(42)) {}\n ~Derived() { delete ptr; } \/\/ \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \ub204\uc218 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\n};\n\n\/\/ \ud574\uacb0\nclass Base {\npublic:\n virtual ~Base() {} \/\/ \uac00\uc0c1 \uc18c\uba78\uc790\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n4. \ucd94\ucc9c \ub3c4\uc11c \ubc0f \ucc38\uace0 \uc790\ub8cc<\/h3>\n4.1 \uc785\ubb38\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub3c4\uc11c<\/h4>\n\n- "C++ Primer" (Stanley Lippman)<\/li>\n
- "Effective C++" (Scott Meyers)<\/li>\n
- "A Tour of C++" (Bjarne Stroustrup)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
4.2 \uc911\uae09\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub3c4\uc11c<\/h4>\n\n- "Modern C++ Design" (Andrei Alexandrescu)<\/li>\n
- "Effective Modern C++" (Scott Meyers)<\/li>\n
- "C++ Templates: The Complete Guide" (David Vandevoorde)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
4.3 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc790\ub8cc<\/h4>\n\n- cppreference.com – \uacf5\uc2dd \ub808\ud37c\ub7f0\uc2a4<\/li>\n
- isocpp.org – C++ \ud45c\uc900 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c<\/li>\n
- modernescpp.com – \ubaa8\ub358 C++ \ube14\ub85c\uadf8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
4.4 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub4e4<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\ub7ec<\/p>\n
\n- GCC\/G++<\/li>\n
- Clang<\/li>\n
- MSVC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\uac1c\ubc1c \ub3c4\uad6c<\/p>\n
\n- Visual Studio<\/li>\n
- CLion<\/li>\n
- VS Code with C++ extensions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\uc815\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c<\/p>\n
\n- Clang-Tidy<\/li>\n
- Cppcheck<\/li>\n
- SonarQube<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c C++ \uc785\ubb38 C \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c C++ \uac15\uc88c\uc758 \ubaa9\ucc28\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud574\ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. C \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c C++\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uad6c\uc131\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Part 1: C++\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uc640 C\uc640\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc810 1. \uc785\ucd9c\ub825\uacfc \ub124\uc784\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 1.1 C++\uc758 \uc785\ucd9c\ub825 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \/\/ C \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c #include <stdio.h> int main() { int num = 42; printf("\uc22b\uc790\ub294 %d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\n", num); char str[100]; scanf("%s", str); return\u2026 Read More »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c-c"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9664"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9664\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9719,"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9664\/revisions\/9719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.skyer9.pe.kr\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}